Structure of strengthened concrete.



PATENTED SEPT. 8, 1908.

nve'ntoz attorney- W. H. WILLIAMS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 21. 1903.

STRUCTURE OF STRENGTHENED CONCRETE.

NO MODEL.

' UNHTED dramas Patented September 8, 199"".-

Parana airmen.

WILLIE EASON WILLIAMS, or BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

s'rnuoruas OF STRENGY'I'HENED c'osoaars.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 738,268, dated September 8, 1903.

Serial No, 148.918. (No model.)

To aZl whont it may concern:

Be it 'known that I, WILLIE EASON WIL- LIAMS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Structures of Strengthened Oo'ncrete, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to structures of concrete strengthened with iron, and more especially to beams or girders of concrete fixed at both ends and strengthened by the peculiar arrangement of certain steel bars and binding devices which are embedded within the concrete and so disposed as to efiectively resist all the strains to which the structure is subjected, as will hereinafter fully appear.

The object of the invention is to provi e in concrete beams a strengthening structure of steel in which the elements employed are of-such form and are so disposed in the concrete that without increasing the quantity of strengthening material usually employed in such structures more effective resistance is obtained to the strains to which the beams are subjected than in beams as hitherto constructed.

Aspecial object of the invention is to provide an anchorage by means of which the end of a beam embedded in the side wall of a buildingmay be so securely associated therewith that no separation of the beam and the wall is possible.

A further object of the invent-ion is to provide an improved form of binding device for securing steel rods in position in concrete beams and the like by means of which the strains upon the steel rods will be distributed through the concrete.

Another object of the invention is to connect the payts of the strengthening structure without riveting or the assistance of bolts, so that the various elements of the structure will have unitary action in resisting strains of tension, compression, and flection.

In the description of the invention reference is had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which corresponding parts are designated by the same characters of reference throughout the various views, and in which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the arrangement of the steel strengthening Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section of a structure in a beam having one end embedded, in a vertical wall and'extending over a sup porting-column. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the strengthening structure used in the embedded end of the beam shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the strengthening structure of a beam over a supporting-column between the ends of the beam, which are embedded in the walls of a building. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section through the center of a beam constructed as indicated in Fig. 1.

beam on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is 1 view of one of the double-looped binding devices in position near one end of a beam.

Referring to the drawings by reference characters, A designates a vertical wall having one end of a beam embedded therein, and 13 represents a column supporting the beam between adjacent bays.

In the following description the beam will be regarded as extending from the wall A to a similar wall, which. is rot shown, and as much of the beam as lies between A and B will be called a section.

In all beams constructed according to this invention straight horizontal bars or rods 1 1 are placed within each beam,near the bottom thereof,and extend through one section from Y the support at one end to that at the other, but do not cross over into the next section. The rods 1 1 are parallel, as shown, and at each point of support intermediate the walls of the building the'rods in the sections of the beam lying in adjacent bays are lapped over the supporting-coll:mus, as shown in Fig. 1.

In each section of a beam a symmetrically-' bent rod 2,having a central horizontal portion, c. is placed in position with the central horizontal portion between the rods 1 l and in the same plane therewith. From either end of the horizontal portion of the bar 2 there extends upward toward the top of the beam an inclined portion 2", wl ich terminates at the end of the beam secti on in a horizontal portion 2, which extends over the support for the end of the section, anti in case the support is of the form shown at 13 the end of the curved portion extends over said support to the farther side thereof. The horizontal rods 1 1 and the symmetrically-bent rod 2 in each section are so disposed in order to eifoctivciy resist the strains of tension in the middle of each section and the strains of tlcction near the ends of the section, and rods of the form shown'havo long been well known in theart. I do not desire to claim them as my invention; but the use of a single bent-rod between a pair of straight rods, together with the hinding, devices presently to be described, is, so far as Iain aware, a novelty in beams of strengthened concrete.

In order to give additional resistance to the strains of ileetion in the ends of the beams, I provide the bars 53, bent into loops, as shown, or the straight bars 4. The loops 3 are used only at the embedded ends of the beams,and the loops encircle vertical anchorage-rods 5, whose ends project above and below the beam and are embedded in the material of which the wall is composed. The rods 4.- are used over the supports of the beatn intermediate of its ends to connect the sections of the beam in adjacent bays.

in order to ett'ectively hold the rods and t in position in the beams, I use the double bi ndingdoops 7, disposed at rightanglos to the rods 3 and 4: and having the ends and central inclined portions extending downward into the body of the beam, as shown; Atthe enibedded ends of the beam the vertical anchorage-rods hold the looped rods 3 firmly in posi-- 'tion over the support for the beam and over their. terinediate supports, as B. W'here sue a construction is impracticable, the prolongation oi the rods 4: into adjacent sections of the beam and. the use in each section of binding devices 7 serve the same purpose.

in order to hold the rods 1 1!. firmly in position in the beam and toconnect the terminal portions of the bent rods 2 therewith, I provide the double-looped binding devices 6, which are placed in the beam in the position indicated in the drawings, the terminals and central inclined. portions being directed upward. These binding devices on either side of the middle of the beam have the upper portions thereof inclined away from the middle point of the beam, as shown, in order to resist most effectively the bending strain upon the beam near its ends.

order to distribute the strain on the rods 1 1 .nd the central horizontal portion of bent rt rou' h the concrete and to cause such as a unit in r isting tensional the beam, I provide transverse rods .st upon the upper surface of rods horizontal portions of bent r0 it. By means of the rods 8, which "lie upper surfaces of rods .l 'l and 'Id'lii'i reaction of rods 1']. and. 2 to rd pressure upon the central part ich section of the beam distributed ;h the (JUHGI'OZLO of the beam more uni- Lll when no transverse connections ir, as will be readily seen, with- :5 8 the upward reaction of each of 'udinal rods will be exerted only :onerete directly above it. ll y placcxtci'iding above and ing the bent rod 2 between straight rods 1 l as effective resistance to down ward pressure on the beam is obtained as when a rod 52 is placed over each of rods 1 l and a saving in strengthening material is effected. The don-- lilo-looped binding devices 6 and 7 are made of round rods of considerable rigidity, and owing, to the rigidity of the material and peculiar form of the devices they obtain a very strong hold on the concrete and aircnormous strain is necessary to dislodge them. They therefore are much more effective in holding, rods 1, 2, 3, and .1- in position than the ordinary single stirrups of strap-iron.

It will be observed that while no bolts or rivets are used to connect the elements of the strengthening structure in beams of concrete and iron constructed in the manner above described they are so disposed in the beam that they act as a unit in resisting the various strains to which such beams are subjected and distribute the strains uniformly through the concrete.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a beam of strengthened concrete comprising a plurality of sections each of which has both ends resting upon suitable supports, the combination of straight suspension-rods in the lower part of each section, said rods terminating over supports at the ends of the sections, bent rods placed one in each section and each having a central horizontal portion disposed in the horizontal plane of said straightrods, and upwardly-inclined portions at eitherend of said ceutralportion, said upwardly-inclined portions merging into herb soutal portions extending over and terminating above the supports of said sections, and short stiffener-rods placed in the upper part of said beam over each intermediate support and extending into the beam sections on either side of said supports, substantially as described.

2. In a beam of strengthened concrete haviug the ends thereof embedded in suitable supports, a pair of vertical anchorage-rods extending above and below the beam, and a "ti-shaped reinforcing-rod encirelingeaeh pair of anchorage'rods and hav ni', the ends thereof extending into the beam toward the zniddle thereof, substantially as described.

I). In a beam of strengthened concrete havin the ends thereof embedded. in suitable supports, a iair oi. vertical anchcrageq'ods at each end of the beam extending above and below the beam, and a U-shaped reinforcingrod-encircling each pair of anchorage-rods and having the ends thereof extended into the beam and terminatingin dewnward lpdis posed projections, substantially as described.

4L. The combination in a beam of strengthened concrete having the ends thereof cn1- bedded in suitable supports, of pairof ver tical anchorage-rods at each end of the beam below the beam, a U- yes, 268

shaped reinforcing-rod encircling each pair of anchorage-rods and having the ends there of extended into the beam, and donble-lcnped binding; devices associated with said reinforcing-rods and embedded in the substance of the beam,

The combination in a beam of strengthened concrete, of horizontally-dispcsed rods extending through the beam between adjacent supports, and double-looped binding devices arranged in the substance of said beam and having the upper, portions thereof inclined away from the middle point ofi the beam, substantially as described.

\VILLIE EASON W ILLIAMS.

Witnesses:

HOWARD D. ADAMS, J; MILTON LYELL. 

